angle
Corners are divided into the following two groups according to the way of production:
don’t ask
Black sheet is used to produce Persi corner. Similar to the production of press studs, in the press corner production line, the cold forming process is carried out by passing a cut steel sheet with a certain cross-section length. This type of corners is made of construction steel St37. Due to the cheap price of the sheet compared to Bloom, the production process is less expensive and less resistant.
Fabric corner
In the production of this type of corner, hot rolling process is used. Fabric corner is produced by forming molten blooms (for more information, refer to what is bloom) that have different mechanical properties compared to Percy corner.
Types of corners in terms of appearance
Equal wing angle
What is meant by equal wings in the corner? As the name suggests, equal wing angle is defined as profiles whose two vertical wings are the same and is represented by the letter L alone (L). For example, the symbol L200 indicates a corner with an equal wing and a size of 200 mm.
Uneven wing angle
In some cases where the possibility of using an equal wing angle is faced with a limitation, its unequal type is used. Unequal wing angle refers to profiles whose two vertical wings are not the same. This type of angle is available in the market with ST37, ST52, ST44 standards and its sign is marked on the building map by including the size of both wings next to the letter L. Characterized. For example, L200*300 indicates a corner with two unequal wings with sizes of 200 and 300 mm.
Spiral corner
It is a type of light equal wing corner that is made from 20x20x2 to 50x50x5. The spiral corner is known in the market as equal wing hot rolling.
Types of grating based on the type of structure
Belt-in-belt type network
Belt type network in half belt
Belt-type network in rebar
Belt-type network on 4 twisted sides
IPE beam
One of the most common forms of the produced beam is the IPE beam, which is another name for this simple or semi-wide type beam. In terms of appearance, this iron beam has a body and two wings on both sides. The wings have the same thickness on all sides, but the ratio of their width to the width of the wings is less and the final shape of the product is like the English letter I. Despite its low weight, it has very high resistance and strength. This steel product is sold in specific sizes from 12 to 16 and is used according to the need.
Application of IPE beam
Semi-wide beam is the most widely used type of similar products in Iran. This product is the first choice for building construction, especially when the height of the structure is supposed to be very high. Semi-wide iron beam or IPE is a light product that has high resistance due to the rolling process for production and is suitable for use as building foundations. Also, this product can easily withstand the tensile force on the structure in one direction.
This product is also used to build heavy machines such as cranes or trucks, produce large factory machines, build huge bridges and dams.
HEA beam
A beam that can be seen at the cross section H; It is called broad wings. This iron beam is recognized by its wide parallel wings. Hash Wide Wing (IPB) is produced in three weights, light, heavy and extra heavy, which is called HEA light beam. The last letter HEA indicates the thickness of the wing of the beam. Here, A means the thinnest cross-section between the wide wing beams. Due to its lower weight, the thickness of the wing and its life will also be significantly reduced compared to heavy and super heavy models. The height of the light beams is usually less than its width. The permissible range for changing the thickness in HEA wings is between 8 and 31 mm and the thickness value in the web can be chosen between 5 and 16.5 mm and from the size of 100 to 1000 mm, the cross-section height of 96 to 990 mm and the wing length is 100 to 300 mm. This beam is used in the construction of earthquake-proof buildings.
HEB beam
HEB wide wing beam is the thickest among IPB types. That is why it is also called a heavy beam. The allowed range for changing the thickness of the heavy steel girder is from 6 to 19 mm and the allowed range for changing the thickness of its wings is from 10 to 36 mm. If the project is longer, the use of these beams is safer and more economical and more useful. These beams are produced from 100 to 1000 mm in size, with a cross section height of 100 to 1000 mm and a wing length of 100 to 300 mm.
Application of HEB beam
HEB beams are used in the construction of large columns in building construction, and due to their high resistance to bear a lot of weight, they are also used in the preparation of beams and trusses. Because the cross-sectional area of HEB is larger compared to I-beams, it withstands less stress and is an excellent product for use as vertical columns.
This product is used in industries such as tower construction, dam construction, bridge construction, etc. which require high strength, and when it is necessary to use beams with long lengths, the use of this type is recommended compared to I beams
Plate
- black sheet
- oiled sheet
- Acid wash sheet
- Galvanized sheet
- color sheet
- chequer plate
- Alloy sheet
- steel sheet
- Stainless steel sheet
- aluminium sheet
- Anti-wear sheet
- punch sheet
- Tin plated sheet
- Shadowline sheet
Description of each:
Among the types of steel sheets, black sheet is one of the most widely used. Regarding the name of black sheet, you should know that this name is just a term in the country’s steel market, and there is no mention of black color on this sheet, and because this sheet is not shiny and polished, it is called black.
Like the black sheet, the name of oiled sheet has nothing to do with the oiliness of the surface of this type of sheet, but because of the polished and shiny surface of this type of sheet in the market, it is called oily. The production process of oiled sheets is done by cold rolling method and the reason for the shiny final product is the same production method. The purpose of producing this type of sheet is to achieve high surface quality and prepare sheets with lower thicknesses.
Another type of sheet is acid wash sheet. After the production of the sheet in the hot rolling process, due to the high temperature of the sheet and continuous spraying of water on its surface for cooling in the rolling process, iron oxide is formed on the surface of the sheet. Now, in order to remove the oxidized shells on the surface of the sheet, the process of acid washing is carried out on it.
Since the corrosion and rusting of steel sheets has always been a factor of interest, and on the other hand, the production of stainless and corrosion-resistant steel sheets is not economical for industrial use, so galvanized sheets have been produced and manufactured. There are various methods for coating steel sheets, but galvanizing the sheets is the most economical method possible.
Another type of steel sheet is colored sheet. The colored sheet is actually a galvanized sheet covered with an electrostatic colored coating. Colored steel sheets are produced and marketed in 15 different colors and are usually used in the production of shed roofs, gazebos and lofts, production of household and office appliances, construction of cooling and heating equipment and many other cases.
Ribbed sheet refers to a type of steel sheet that has geometric ridges on its surface with a specific order and order. Since steel sheets are usually smooth and flat, it is not possible to move or place other objects on them, and any object on them simply slides, for this purpose and with the aim of providing the possibility of movement on steel surfaces. Ribbed sheets are produced.
Alloy sheet is another sheet used in various industries. Alloy means “to combine”; When you combine several metals or elements together and produce a product that contains some of the raw materials, you have produced an alloy product. Alloy sheets are the same way. Alloy sheets are combined with various elements and are offered to the steel market in various forms.
Steel sheet is a type of steel sheet that has mechanical properties due to the alloy used in it. This type of sheet has different properties such as rustproof, recyclable and high hardness and strength. There are different elements in the steel sheet, the percentage of which is used in this sheet is different.
Stainless steel sheet is another type of steel sheet whose base is iron and only less than two percent of it consists of carbon. There are different alloys in this sheet, and the higher the amount of carbon in the alloys of this sheet, the higher its strength and hardness.
Aluminum sheet, as one of the types of sheet and also the most used steel sheet, has strength and light weight. This sheet has different types and can be used in different cases. This type of sheet is produced by hot rolling process. The method of producing aluminum sheet is that first the aluminum ingot is heated at high temperatures and then it is passed through the rollers and as a result, the thickness of the aluminum sheet is reduced. In the last step, the produced product is wrapped in a sheet or roll.
As much as the amount of carbon in the alloy sheet is higher, its strength and anti-wear properties increase. The rolling method is used in the production of anti-wear sheets. There are different types of anti-wear sheets. This sheet is used in stone mines and in fields such as conveyor belts, material handling and construction. In general, it can be said that the anti-wear sheet is an alloy sheet with high carbon, the presence of this carbon has increased its strength and hardness.
Punched sheet is a type of sheet that has holes on its outer surface. These sheets are usually punched either manually or with CNC machines; The point here is that the punched sheet is produced from ordinary metal sheets and is punched in the steps after rolling.
The coated tin sheet looks similar to the galvanized sheet, but the galvanized sheet is produced with zinc coating, while the tin coated sheet is produced and marketed with tin coating. Malleability, weldability and bending capabilities are the most important features of coated tin sheet. Apart from these cases, smooth and uniform surface, good painting ability and prevention of early erosion are other features of this sheet.
Shadowline sheets are basically colored sheets that are used to cover the attic roof. Shadowline sheets have special features, the most important of which are colored, wavy and coated. This type of sheet, because it is wavy, is used for better transfer of rainwater or snow from the roof to the ground.
Types of rebar based on gender
1. Ordinary steel rebar
One of the most widely used rebars used in the construction industry is the steel type. This type of section is made of ST37 steel and is produced in two ways: simple and ribbed. This product has high resistance and tensile strength. Ordinary steel rebar is also known as black rebar in the market. The only problem with this type of rebar, which has caused other types to be made, is erosion and eventually breaking in concrete. For this purpose, in areas where there is a lot of moisture, another type of rebar is used.
2. Stainless steel bar
This type of rebar is used in the construction industry with the same application as normal steel section. This product is more widely used in areas with humid weather conditions where rusting is more likely. This section is one of the best rebars available in the market, which has a much higher price. The most common use of stainless steel is in grids, decorative items such as wrought iron, reinforcement and support. In addition, it is used in the construction industry to compensate the tensile strength of concrete.
3. Galvanized rebar
Galvanized rebar is produced and marketed by creating a layer of zinc metal on ordinary steel. This product has anti-rust properties and high corrosion resistance. Most of the production of this product is made to order and in industrial workshops.
4. Epoxy rebar
When ordinary steel rebar is coated with a layer of epoxy material, the epoxy type is produced. The anti-rust property of this product is between 70 and 1700 times higher than normal samples.
- Trans rebar
Trans rebar is produced during the hot rolling process and using special steel alloys that have more resistance than ST37. Due to the tension applied to this steel section, it is also called tensile rebar in the market. Its smooth and polished surface during the construction process has made it to be used for the production of decorative accessories in addition to the construction industry.
6. Fiberglass rebar
The combination of materials such as carbon and fiberglass leads to the production of a composite composition with a high percentage of carbon fiber. The use of this rebar in acidic and corrosive environments greatly reduces the damage caused by steel corrosion. These types of rebars are known as FRP. Reinforcing concrete in areas where there is no electric and magnetic field is a suitable and optimal choice to increase the resistance to rust and corrosion. The use of fiberglass rebars reduces the diameter and increases the distance between tunnels, foundations, etc., which ultimately increases the building’s resistance to earthquakes.
Types of rebar in terms of shape and appearance
1. Simple rebar
- Simple carbon steel rebar: this type of simple section is most used in making nails, joints, forging and quenching.
- Simple carbon steel rebar: this type of simple section is most used in making nails, joints, forging and quenching. Warping and polishing operations are performed on this type of steel product after reaching the desired thickness and length. This method increases the strength of the rebar and finally it is used for the purpose of use in automobile industry, aviation industry, manufacturing of industrial parts such as rollers and production of bolts and nuts.
- Simple stainless rebar: This type of rebar is coated with zinc metal and depending on its anti-rust level, it is used in industries such as aerospace, chemical, petroleum, petrochemical, food and medical equipment manufacturing.
2. Ribbed rebar
Ribbed rebar, unlike the simple type, has depressions and grooves on its surface. This has caused it to have less erosion and show good performance in concrete and steel. Increasing the level of tensile strength in concrete structures is influenced by this product.
Square profile can
Types of profile cans, in open or closed types, are one of the main parts in industry and construction, which have many applications due to their many advantages. These products are manufactured and marketed in different shapes, sizes, thicknesses, etc. One of the types of this product is a can, which is widely used both in industry and in construction.
Because of this bold role of these steel products in the implementation of industrial and construction projects, knowing it accurately, knowing the technical characteristics of this product, its types, etc. It will greatly help the successful and less expensive implementation of projects.
Advantages of cans
The reason for using this steel product in projects is that it has advantages:
- High resistance and strength
- Surface quality
- High weldability
- Good flexibility and malleability
Since the types of profile cans are widely used in projects, one should pay enough attention to their selection and purchase. When choosing and before buying it, keep the following points in mind:
- Specify the type, place of use and purpose of using the can completely and accurately.
- Keep in mind that the more precision and quality steel products are produced, the higher the price will be. But a high price does not always mean superior quality.
- Calculate the required number and dimensions of this product accurately.
- Keep in mind that one of the important factors affecting the price of profile cans is its weight. The weight of this product is directly related to its thickness and dimensions. But contrary to what it seems, increasing this weight parameter will not increase the price. On the contrary, the price of the light profile per unit of weight is higher than the heavier type.
- To buy, be sure to refer to reputable authorities and companies. Companies that supply their products directly and without intermediaries from factories can deliver cans with high quality and at reasonable prices to their customers.
- The price of cans changes and fluctuates on a daily basis due to the fact that they are made of steel ingots or sheets. Before buying, be sure to inquire about the updated prices from reliable authorities and then proceed to register the order.
Stud
Due to its light weight and being more flexible than other steel sections, the stud has various applications in the building. The flexibility of the stud makes it possible to make it into the desired shape in the necessary conditions. Of course, studs also have disadvantages, one of which is the lower resistance of this piece compared to other steel sections.
Types of studs available in the market
Studs are divided into different types based on the production method, weight, appearance, and the type of material used in their production, which we will examine each one of.
Fabric studs
In this method of stud production, first the steel ingot is melted in furnaces with special characteristics. After that, other processes are applied on the billet and it is turned into a stud. This method of producing studs is called rolled or fabric. The production of this building profile using rolling can be done by hot or cold rolling. In the production of hot rolling studs, after the ingot reaches a certain temperature in a special furnace, it is passed through rollers to find the desired shape. In the hot rolling process, the temperature of the ingot reaches above 926 degrees Celsius. Of course, the studs produced by the hot rolling method are not of high quality, because there is not enough time for production and formation in this method.
Some sections cannot be produced using hot rolling due to their thickness and construction method. In such cases, they use the cold rolling method to produce them. The quality of the studs produced in this way is usually higher than the studs produced by the hot rolling method. In cold rolling production, more time is given to the sections that were produced by hot rolling, so that they can take a better shape and increase their strength in the required conditions.
Percy’s stud
The primary material used to produce studs by press method is steel sheet. For this purpose, they first cut the sheet in the desired thickness. In the next step, the cut sheet is bent from the pre-specified part so that the stud takes its final shape. The quality of studs produced in this way is slightly lower than the fabric method.
Simple stud
Simple studs can be produced by hot or cold rolling or by using a press machine. Plain studs are made using plain steel sheet and are available in different sizes from 5 to 22. Plain studs are made using plain steel sheet and are available in different sizes from 5 to 22. This stud is used in cases such as the construction of load-bearing bridges, the construction of frames and frameworks for industrial devices, car rooms, etc.
Mesh studs
Grid studs are another type of studs that have holes in them unlike plain studs. These holes are used for applications such as fastening bolts and nuts. Because of the perforated appearance of this type of stud that creates a grid shape, it is called mesh stud. Lattice studs are used to produce racks and light steel structures.
Light stud
A light stud means that this stud has a lower weight than the weight specified in the studs table. Light studs are mostly used in cases such as restoration of buildings, frame construction, truck skeletons, marine structures, etc.
Heavy stud
A heavy stud also means that its weight meets the standards specified in the Stahl table. The Stahl table or stud load bearing table is a standard that determines whether this steel piece is standard or not, and it is very important from this point of view. In general, it can be said that light studs are different from heavy studs in terms of dimensions, weight, production pattern, Stall table standards, application and price. Heavy studs are used for large and bulky industrial projects. Read the difference between light and heavy studs in this link.
Aluminum studs
If you want to get a lightweight stud, the aluminum type is more suitable for you than the other types. Also, aluminum studs are more decorative and are used to beautify the appearance of luxury buildings. Steel studs are also among the studs that are used a lot.
Steel studs
Due to the fact that steel has anti-rust properties, in areas where the amount of rainfall and humidity is high and the building is subject to corrosion, this type of stud is very suitable.
Galvanized studs
Galvanized studs are also very suitable for use in columns and roofs. Each type of stud is produced in different models, thicknesses and sizes. Even the customer can order specific dimensions of studs along with the desired material and receive customized studs according to their needs. Specifications such as flange width, wing thickness, flange width, flange height, cross-sectional area, etc. are very important in studs, and any difference in any of these items has an impact on the final performance of studs.
Types of roof studs
One of the types of gutters used to direct water from the roofs of houses is Shirvani gutters. This gutter helps so that the water that is on the roof of the house due to snow and rain, flows down and does not accumulate on the roof. Gable gutters are usually made of galvanized or steel to be resistant to rust and moisture. There are two types of roof studs in the market, which are more useful than others: London studs and box studs.